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The Danger of Using Parallel Processes with Model-Based Virtual Construction

  
  
  
After years of experience helping customer companies to be successful with model-based estimating and scheduling, I have come to the conclusion that running parallel processes is the number one enemy of successful process change. Our most successful projects have taken the brave approach and thrown away the old processes and just used model-based coordination, estimating and scheduling tools. Most of the companies we have worked with have not been ready to do this which results in a very difficult environment for change. The difficulties come from change resistance, and the difficulties of showing return on investment when the same process is carried out twice and the two estimates or schedules have to be reconciled.

 

If parallel processes are being used, there are, by definition, two estimates and two schedules. There is a traditional estimate, which has been created by the company estimator with years or decades of experience. And there is the BIM estimate which has been created by the Virtual Construction group of the company - typically young engineers who want to do things differently but don't have a whole lot of experience. Which estimate wins and becomes the official one? Typically, the traditional estimating team will incorporate some of the findings from the BIM estimate and validate their quantities but they are still using their own tools and processes. The Owner gets the official estimate from the estimating group.

 

The same happens with schedules. While the Virtual Construction group is building their schedule using quantities, productivity rates, and optimizing the schedule, the company scheduling department is working together with the superintendents to create the official baseline schedule. Superintendents are more familiar with the traditional process so they prefer to talk to the scheduling department who will put their duration estimates and logic into the schedule without complaint, instead of asking hundreds of questions based on the model (for example, "you just said that the pour will take 5 days in this area, based on the model you would have to pour an average of 500 cy / day to achieve that duration, is that feasible?"). Model-based scheduling process then typically degenerates into following the "official" schedule and trying to give feedback and make minor improvements in some areas. The whole process of optimization becomes difficult. The Owner gets the official baseline schedule from the scheduling group.

 

If parallel processes are being used, what is the ROI of BIM? The Owner is paying twice for the estimate and schedule. The benefits of model-based estimating and scheduling are largely lost because of inefficient processes of reconciliation and having to follow the traditional process. If the reconciliation does not happen, there are two sets of information. Which one is the superintendent going to use when making commitments to the Owner or subcontractors? Of course, the one he is more familiar with. Even if the schedule was optimized, it is not too useful if everyone is going to the traditional CPM schedule for information (unless the dates match exactly, such as by direct exports of data).

 

the bim roi is wasted if parallel processes compete

Caption: It is easy to think that parallel processes means nothing will be missed and any potential mistakes will be caught.  However, our research shows that running two schedules or two estimates just eats away at BIM ROI and keeps project team members at odds.

 

We have always achieved successful results when the estimators and schedulers learn the model-based approach and there is only one model-based estimate and schedule in the project. The Owner pays for the estimate and schedule once, the reconciliation costs and inefficiencies are not needed, cycle times are shorter and the information is more accurate and transparent. Estimators and schedulers are typically not the people who want to drive this change, so the decision needs to come from the executive management of the company. Most often there is an initial time of resistance and large lists of "shortcomings" of model-based approach. If the executive management decides to proceed even despite these difficulties, the project will have a high probability of success. We have experienced high benefits in all projects without parallel processes and limited benefit in most of the projects with parallel processes.

 

 

Changing processes is hard no matter what your role, but construction planning and scheduling hasn't changed in a very long time. After all, the schedule is what the Owner demands! But fear of change and withholding information from teammates is a contributing factor to why many large-scale construction projects stay mired in contention and even litigation. Learn how to avoid these traps in this video snippet from Vico's introductory webinar on the topic. To view the complete webinar, please go to An Introduction to LBMS and LPS.

 

BIM should not be a separate line item but should be incorporated as a new tool and process for traditional coordination, estimating and scheduling line items.

 

For more information on the benefits of model-based scheduling and model-based estimating, please review their corresponding webinars: BIM 401 and BIM 501.  For an interesting case study comparing traditional construction methods used during the project and an after-the-fact analysis with BIM methods, please review the Torrey Pines Laboratory episode of Fridays with Vico.

 

We also offer a step-by-step guide to our 5D virtual construction workflow with video tutorials. These videos are just 2-5 minutes in length, but illustrate how to use a particular piece of functionality. You can access the video library index and view just what you need, or download the complete set of training videos. We have training levels for Estimators, Schedulers, Supers, and anyone who does CM Reporting.

 

For more information on change management in commericial construction firms, please read Mark Sawyer's blog on the topic.

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COMMENTS

very well put. it's a real challenge that requires very brave and reasonable people to solve! i am a for model-based approach, however, many of us BIM adopters are still using BIM tools to document rather than model! Our deadlines are still 50% DD, 100% CD set of 2D documents. This takes away from the credibility of information available in the models, since our product is a set of drawings and not a digital model. When we decide to share the model, it comes along with a disclaimer that it's basically useless!

posted @ Monday, September 28, 2009 7:15 PM by Mo Haidar


Simple. The model that will have more credibility is the one the estimator will bet their liability insurance cover on and present as the firms "official" estimate to the client. And also if they will not stand by it with a guarantee of accuracy, what use is the BIM advantage? 
 
 
 
Estimators who base their bids (or should that be bets? )on the basis of the Bim model are wagering that all elements in the model have been categorised correctly, that the information assigned to each element when entered by the technician is complete, correct, or accurate for pricing and that every thing you are looking at in the model has bee drawn and measured in 3D and not "worked around" in a series of 2D views.  
 
 
 
How would I expect the owner of an estimating firm to verify what the schedules show? I'll bet that the most cautious run a parallel estimate. 
 
Also how many estimators do You know who are not risk adverse (read brave)? 
 
Kevin

posted @ Sunday, May 16, 2010 7:03 PM by kevin green


I am in the middle on this one. As I have said in other forums, I have never been asked by a client or contractor to furnish a BIM whether we offer one or not, and I would not expect to be able to bypass drawings in pdf and hardcopy if I were. If (when?) I do have that opportunity, I would look for some middle ground. I am a BIM believer, but I would not expect a construction company to base their hard-bid on an un-audited model. Were I in the GC's shoes, I would want some assurance of what was and was not modeled, what conventions were used, and some recourse if the model did not support those assurances. Who would do that audit, and what form it would take I am not sure. What kind of recourse? Not sure about that either. 
I see the point of this article, and I agree that pure parallel processes are redundant. But -  
A contractor who is new to BIM, and takes the leap of faith will need to expend resources to 
- obtain the needed software 
- train several staff to estimate and/or schedule from a BIM  
- agree with the designers on the appropriate level of completeness for the model at given stages of the process 
- agree with the designers on formats and conventions to be used 
- have the model audited (at each stage of model development) 
- perform "pick-up" operations on the model where the design modeling does not meet specs (or does meet specs, but does not meet needs discovered along the way). 
Don't these have the (admittedly and uncomfortably unpredictable) potential to exceed the resources required to run parallel processes? 
I recall parallel processes, which often ran for a full fiscal year or longer, being de rigeur back in the '60's and '70's when businesses moved from manual to automated processes. The change to BIM is not quite on that scale, but it is major. The thought that the new process will fail altogether, or in some crucial aspects, or for some period of time, lurks in the back of an adopter's mind. They would be irresponsible to ignore that thought. 
It is only reasonable and prudent for a GC new to BIM estimating and scheduling to  
- run checks on significant quantities and time  
- backup the BIM-based estimating and scheduling at major milestones so that a glitch does not bring the whole process to a halt for a few days. 
I doubt that there is any way for overhead costs for the first few BIM projects to be lower than they were for the last project done conventionally. So the ROI on the first one is almost bound to disappoint. Sorry, but that is my sincere and honest opinion. 
Thereafter, I firmly believe that confidence, proficiency and efficiency in the use of BIMs will grow quickly. But, as we have seen internally, there are sticky places where the software is (after 10 years of upgrades) not quite able to do what we want it to. I am not talking about exotic parametricity or eye-popping graphics. I am talking about consistency of attributes from one door or column to another, or the need for "workarounds" that are necessary to produce clear drawings, but foul up the model and therefore impact BIM-based price and schedule. Those kinds of anomalies in a model have to be dealt with off-line (basically, manually). I doubt that they will ever be eliminated entirely, but their numbers are declining and that will continue. 
Clear-eyed estimators and mangers with sound experience-based judgement will be more productive, but no less in demand than today. 
Two caveats:  
- I do no doubt that the end results are better when all parties are fully committed to BIM. An all-in bet is right sometimes. But there is no bluffing in construction bids. 
- Olli Seppanen has literally infinitely more experience applying BIM to construction processes than I. So it is likely that he is right and I am wrong. 
 
My experience is in application of BIM to architectural and structural documentation processes. The first time out 13 years ago, I was not efficient. I was learning. I went to classes. I made numerous trips to the user manuals. I made mistakes. I corrected those I could correct in a reasonable time. I found limitations in the software I was using. I had to use workarounds, I needed to devise (with help) new graphic standards and documentation techniques. The end product, while acceptable, was a departure from the standards used for 2D CAD-generated drawings. Overhead costs were ridiculous on that project. The 20th time out, on a larger and more complex project, the documents (and the model) were not perfect, but quite good - tight, accurate, and complete to a consistent level of detail (ie: we did not model timber connectors or anchor bolts). Overhead was lower than it would have been if done in 2D CAD. 
Overall, the move to BIM was entirely worthwhile. But it took 2+ years and a few hundred unbillable man-hours of training and experimentation for the vanguard to get to break-even. Then it got better and it continues to get better. I have not considered using 2D CAD since the end of year 1. But there is still plenty of room for improvement. Thanks for the soapbox.

posted @ Friday, May 21, 2010 11:59 PM by Brian Lighthart


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